[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":220},["ShallowReactive",2],{"compound-mots-c":3,"compound-related-mots-c":204,"compound-reading-mots-c":211},{"id":4,"title":5,"alsoKnownAs":6,"body":7,"casNumber":177,"category":178,"description":168,"extension":179,"faq":180,"meta":187,"molecularFormula":177,"molecularWeight":69,"name":5,"navigation":188,"path":189,"presentations":190,"purity":193,"rank":194,"relatedCompounds":195,"relatedResearch":197,"seo":200,"sequence":53,"stem":201,"summary":202,"__hash__":203},"compounds\u002Fcompounds\u002Fmots-c.md","MOTS-c","Mitochondrial ORF of the 12S rRNA type-c",{"type":8,"value":9,"toc":167},"minimark",[10,15,19,22,26,86,90,93,122,125,129,132,138,144,150,154,157,160,164],[11,12,14],"h2",{"id":13},"what-mots-c-is","What MOTS-c is",[16,17,18],"p",{},"MOTS-c is a 16-amino-acid peptide encoded by a short open reading frame within\nthe mitochondrial 12S ribosomal RNA gene. That location is what makes it\nnotable: mitochondrial DNA was long assumed to encode only components of the\nrespiratory chain, and the identification of short ORFs producing peptides that\nact outside the mitochondrion opened a distinct area of cell biology.",[16,20,21],{},"Its sequence, MRWQEMGYIFYPRKLR, is short enough to synthesise reliably and\ncontains a mixture of residues — two methionines, a tryptophan, two tyrosines —\nthat has direct consequences for how it must be handled and analysed.",[11,23,25],{"id":24},"molecular-profile","Molecular profile",[27,28,29,42],"table",{},[30,31,32],"thead",{},[33,34,35,39],"tr",{},[36,37,38],"th",{},"Property",[36,40,41],{},"Value",[43,44,45,54,62,70,78],"tbody",{},[33,46,47,51],{},[48,49,50],"td",{},"Sequence",[48,52,53],{},"MRWQEMGYIFYPRKLR",[33,55,56,59],{},[48,57,58],{},"Length",[48,60,61],{},"16 amino acids",[33,63,64,67],{},[48,65,66],{},"Molecular weight",[48,68,69],{},"~2,174 Da",[33,71,72,75],{},[48,73,74],{},"Encoded by",[48,76,77],{},"Mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene (short ORF)",[33,79,80,83],{},[48,81,82],{},"Appearance",[48,84,85],{},"White to off-white lyophilised powder",[11,87,89],{"id":88},"research-context","Research context",[16,91,92],{},"MOTS-c is studied as a mitochondrial-derived signalling peptide, with published\nwork covering:",[94,95,96,104,110,116],"ul",{},[97,98,99,103],"li",{},[100,101,102],"strong",{},"Metabolic regulation"," — reported effects on AMPK pathway activity and on\nthe folate–methionine cycle in cultured cells.",[97,105,106,109],{},[100,107,108],{},"Cellular stress response"," — reported nuclear translocation under metabolic\nstress, which places it unusually among peptides as a candidate retrograde\nsignal from mitochondrion to nucleus.",[97,111,112,115],{},[100,113,114],{},"Exercise and ageing physiology"," — reported changes in circulating levels\nwith age and with exercise, which is much of what drives interest in it.",[97,117,118,121],{},[100,119,120],{},"Insulin sensitivity models"," — largely preclinical.",[16,123,124],{},"Supplied for in-vitro laboratory research only. No therapeutic claim is made and\nno dosing or administration guidance is provided.",[11,126,128],{"id":127},"analytical-notes","Analytical notes",[16,130,131],{},"The composition of this sequence dictates its impurity profile.",[16,133,134,137],{},[100,135,136],{},"Methionine oxidation is the dominant degradation route."," Two of the sixteen\nresidues are methionine, and methionine oxidises readily — during synthesis,\nduring lyophilisation, and in storage. Each oxygen added shifts mass by 16 Da,\nwhich mass spectrometry resolves easily. The presence and abundance of oxidised\nspecies on a batch's mass spectrum is a direct readout of manufacturing and\nstorage quality, and it is one of the more informative things a certificate for\nthis compound can show.",[16,139,140,143],{},[100,141,142],{},"Tryptophan is light-sensitive."," The single tryptophan residue is\nphotochemically labile, which is the specific reason light protection is not\ngeneric advice for this compound.",[16,145,146,149],{},[100,147,148],{},"UV detection is favourable."," Tryptophan and two tyrosines give this peptide\nstrong absorbance at 280 nm as well as at the peptide-bond wavelength around\n214 nm, so quantitation is more straightforward than for peptides with no\naromatic residues.",[11,151,153],{"id":152},"handling-and-storage","Handling and storage",[16,155,156],{},"Store sealed at −20 °C, protected from light — genuinely, not nominally, given\nthe tryptophan — and from moisture. Bring to room temperature before opening.",[16,158,159],{},"Reconstitute by running diluent down the vial wall and swirling. Store solution\nat 2–8 °C in the dark, prepare working solutions fresh where possible, and avoid\nrepeated freeze-thaw: oxidation continues in solution, and each cycle is an\nopportunity for it.",[11,161,163],{"id":162},"what-we-supply","What we supply",[16,165,166],{},"Released against a ≥99% purity specification, with HPLC purity and mass\nspectrometry identity confirmation on every batch and a batch-specific\nCertificate of Analysis. Select batches additionally receive independent\nthird-party purity verification.",{"title":168,"searchDepth":169,"depth":169,"links":170},"",2,[171,172,173,174,175,176],{"id":13,"depth":169,"text":14},{"id":24,"depth":169,"text":25},{"id":88,"depth":169,"text":89},{"id":127,"depth":169,"text":128},{"id":152,"depth":169,"text":153},{"id":162,"depth":169,"text":163},null,"Cosmetic & Longevity","md",[181,184],{"question":182,"answer":183},"What makes MOTS-c unusual?","Its gene is in mitochondrial DNA, not nuclear DNA. Mitochondria were long assumed to encode only components of the respiratory chain, and the discovery of short open reading frames encoding peptides with signalling roles outside the organelle changed that picture. MOTS-c is one of the most studied members of that class.",{"question":185,"answer":186},"Why is methionine oxidation relevant to this compound?","The sequence contains two methionine residues, and methionine is the residue most readily oxidised during synthesis, lyophilisation and storage. Oxidised species differ from the parent by 16 daltons per oxygen added — easily seen by mass spectrometry, and a direct readout of how well the material has been made and kept.",{},true,"\u002Fcompounds\u002Fmots-c",[191,192],"5 mg vial","10 mg vial","≥99%",31,[196],"ghk-cu",[198,199],"how-to-read-a-peptide-coa","peptide-aggregation-and-handling",{"title":5,"description":168},"compounds\u002Fmots-c","A mitochondrial-derived peptide encoded in mitochondrial rather than nuclear DNA, studied in metabolic regulation and cellular stress signalling.","5HhloXYm-zNEPTO3NoBCoQ_LeQZWRkbVaJhowjILLyc",[205],{"path":206,"name":207,"alsoKnownAs":208,"summary":209,"category":178,"molecularWeight":210,"purity":193},"\u002Fcompounds\u002Fghk-cu","GHK-Cu","Copper tripeptide-1 · Gly-His-Lys copper complex","A naturally occurring copper-binding tripeptide, studied for effects on extracellular matrix remodelling and gene expression in dermal fibroblasts.","~403.9 Da",[212,216],{"path":213,"title":214,"description":215},"\u002Fresearch\u002Fhow-to-read-a-peptide-coa","How to Read a Peptide Certificate of Analysis","A field-by-field walkthrough of a peptide COA — what each number establishes, which fields are load-bearing, and what a missing batch number tells you about the rest of the document.",{"path":217,"title":218,"description":219},"\u002Fresearch\u002Fpeptide-aggregation-and-handling","Why Peptide Solutions Go Cloudy: Aggregation and Handling","Shaking a reconstituted peptide is the most common way to ruin one. The interfacial mechanism behind aggregation, why lipidated peptides are worse, and the handling practice that follows from it.",1787473952836]